Etude comparative des effets de travail du sol conventionnel et le semis direct sur l’evolution du sol en region semi-aride

Abstract

The experimentation was conducted in the experimental site of the field crop institute (ITGC) of Sétif during the 2010/2011 cropping season. Our study has objective to show the effect of three tillage types: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT), associated with three types of crops succession on soil fertility and crops behaviour at the third year of practice. The results indicate that the conservative techniques (NT, MT) preserve the soil moisture in 0-20 cm of depth, and they improve soil total carbon better than the conventional tillage (CT). The NT presents an advantage for the soil phosphorus, increases the bulk density and decreases the hydraulic conductivity unlike the TC, which decreases the bulk density, and increase the hydraulic conductivity, MT takes intermediate position. The succession wheat / wheat / wheat improve the soil potassium level while the succession lens / wheat / lens improve the phosphorus soil level. Concerning plant, the results are timid and variable from tillage type to the other one. The total number of weed is more raised at NT witch characterized by the monocotyledons. The MT is the most invaded by dicotyledonous. The succession of wheat / wheat / wheat is the most invaded by weed.