Comparaison entre les essais pressiométrique , pénétrométrique et le standard pénétration test pour le calcule de la charge admissible du sol dans les projets des fondation

Abstract

Since ancient times, humans have always sought to better understand the nature and characteristics of soils to lay work’s foundations. Nowadays, the structures are so important that humans found themselves developing recognition and research methods.A structure, of whatever type, rests on a foundation soil and therefore transmits a set of loads to it. Between the ground and the structure, the foundations play the role of the interface and they are adapted to the ground and the structure. Thus, the foundations take different forms to respond to the problem of loads and constraints (the search for balance). To determine the characteristics of soil, laboratory tests take place (after taking intact or reworked samples) and in situ tests are performed (by a test in place or in situ). There are several types, but our study will focus on the most used, namely: Static Penetration Test, Dynamic Penetration Test, Pressuremeter Test, and Standard Penetration Test. After defining each of these types, we will present an example and study in detail their objectives, principles, operating mode, and methods of interpretation as well as the methods of calculation of the admissible load and the foundation's settlement.