Étude de quelques effets biologiques d’une plante médicinale : l’ortie (urtica dioica)

Abstract

Urtica dioica, commonly known as nettle or elhourik, is a plant widely used in traditional medicine for its various therapeutic effects. This dissertation focuses on the biological effects of this plant, particularly its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which are attributed to its rich chemical composition of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and minerals. Several studies have shown that nettle can modulate the immune response, reduce symptoms related to urinary disorders, and improve blood circulation. Its leaves and roots are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, joint pain, and certain skin conditions. Moreover, Urtica dioica has beneficial effects in managing hypertension and hyperglycemia by acting on the biological mechanisms associated with these conditions. Finally, research into the plant's anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties is generating growing interest, although further clinical studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness in these areas. With the aim of understanding the biological activities of medicinal plants traditionally used by the population, our work focused on studying the benefits of nettle. A statistical survey was conducted using questionnaires in two provinces (wilayas), Msila and Bordj Bou Arréridj, to gather maximum information regarding the use of elhourik. The survey revealed that only 21.53% of the respondents use it for medical or therapeutic purposes, notably for improving digestion, relieving pain, treating skin problems, and boosting the immune system. The foliage is the most commonly used part (44.61%), mainly in the form of decoction (44.61%). About 64.61% consume it orally, while 29.23% apply it locally. The results obtained highlight the numerous health benefits offered by nettle, justifying the growing interest from the pharmaceutical, parapharmaceutical, and agri-food sectors.