Contribution à l’étude de l’effet de l’interaction sol-structure sur le comportement des éoliennes sous chargement sismique

Abstract

In a context of energy transition where renewable energies are essential for preserving the environment ,This study evaluates the seismic performance of offshore and onshore wind turbine support structures by examining two complementary approaches. The first part analyses the effects of pile diameter, soil type and soil-structure interaction (ISS) using SAP2000 finite element software. The structural and geotechnical models are validated by vibrating table tests and analytical solutions, respectively. The results demonstrate that larger pile diameters improve seismic energy absorption, while soil characteristics (loose or dense sands) significantly influence energy dissipation and stability. The second part proposes an innovative approach using lead rubber bearings (LRBs) at the base of wind turbines. An 8 MW wind turbine model on stiff clay soil is developed with SSI integration via the Winkler model. The results indicate that LRB isolators significantly reduce accelerations and stresses at the base, improve seismic performance and reduce fatigue damage, thereby extending the service life of structures. The study also highlights the importance of optimizing the damping ratio for different seismic conditions. This research highlights the crucial importance of accurate SSI modelling and presents seismic isolation as a promising solution for enhancing the resilience of wind turbines in high seismic risk areas, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of renewable energy.