Biodégradation des hydrocarbures par les bactéries

Abstract

Hydrocarbon pollution is now considered one of the major environmental issues.These persistent organic compounds contaminate soil, water and air. In response to this situation, bioremediation emerges as an ecological, economical, and effective alternative. This research focuses on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by bacteria. The thesis first addresses the classification of hydrocarbons, their physicochemical properties, as well as their environmental impact. It then focuses on the microbial degradation mechanisms, including metabolic pathways (aerobic and anaerobic), and the factors influencing the efficiency of this process, such as temperature, pH, nutrient availability and the nature of the microbial community. Biodegradation relies on the action of specific enzymes such as oxygenases and hydroxylases, which catalyze the transformation of hydrocarbons into less harmful intermediates that are more easily assimilated by bacterial cells.