Etude comparative de quelques variétés de blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.) sous conditions semi-arides.

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the efficiency of physiological and agronomic criteria for selecting genotypes adapted to semi-arid environments. On the other hand, we are exploring the impact of oxidative stress induced by the herbicide on wheat (triticum durum Desf.) genotypes to the of better and to identify genotypes more adapted to these difficult conditions. A collection of ten durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) was evaluated during two growing seasons, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, in the experimental fields of the Technical Institute of Field Crops, Sétif. The results of the evaluation of the agro-physiological responses of wheat genotypes over two seasons show that the effect of the genotype was significant for the majority of the parameters studied. Additionally, a significant interaction between genotype and year was observed. This suggests that climatic between the two years has a significant impact on grain yield and its components, also influencing various physiological processes. The 2021-2022 season proved to be the most favorable for the expression of most parameters. Genotypes G3 (35.23 q ha-1), G2 (34.86 q ha-1) and G5 (28.9 q ha-1) showed the highest yields. Additionally, they maintained the highest water content levels (81.09%, 84.95%, and 84.34% respectively) and lowest leaf temperatures under these conditions. The herbicide glyphosate induces oxidative stress, which can lead to cellular damage and thus trigger the defense system which accumulates various protective osmolytes. Our results indicate that the G1 and G3 genotypes are particularly sensitive to this oxidative stress, accumulating high levels of malondialdehyde. In addition, a strong decrease in chlorophyll content was observed in the local variety Boutaleb. The G5, G3, G4, Jupare C 2001, Oued el Bared, and Bousselam genotypes showed a great capacity to accumulate proline and soluble sugars, thus giving them better tolerance to oxidative stress. Parametric and non-parametric indices are suitable for the selection of stable and adapted genotypes in semi-arid regions. In addition, the G1, G6, and Bousselam genotypes are distinguished by a more stable grain yield as well and the G3 and Oued el bared genotypes display stability for the weight of a thousand grains.