Enquête ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales utilisées pour le traitement de l' hypertension Artérielle dans la région de Sétif et Bordj Bou-Arreridj

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (HTA) is one of the most widespread public health issues worldwide. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and kidney failure. Due to the potential side effects of chemical drugs, medicinal plants have emerged as a natural alternative that is increasingly appreciated, particularly in rural and traditional communities. This study explores the relationship between hypertension and the use of medicinal plants through a theoretical framework supported by field research conducted in the wilayas of Sétif and Bordj Bou Arréridj. The objective was to carry out a field survey in five areas (Sétif, Aïn Zale, Aïn Oulmène, Ras El Oued, Bordj Bou Arréridj) during the period from February to April 2025.The methodology was based on a questionnaire distributed to 181 participants, including herbalists and users of medicinal plants. The aim was to identify the most commonly used plants, preparation methods, parts used, and frequency of use. The results showed that the most represented age group was between 51 and 65 years old (70%), with women being more frequent users than men (61.9%). The most frequently cited plants were Hibiscus sabdariffa (66.97%), Allium sativum (41.63%), and Olea europaea (36.2%). Preparation methods included decoction, infusion, and direct consumption, with flowers and leaves being the most used parts. Although other plants such as moringa, black seed (Nigella), and ashwagandha have proven effectiveness, their use remains limited. In conclusion, the study highlights that the use of medicinal plants to manage HTN is still common and considered effective locally. It is recommended to enhance awareness, ensure safe use of these plants, encourage clinical studies to assess efficacy and dosage, and promote an integrative approach combining modern medicine with traditional knowledge.