Exploring Thyroid Cancer in Setif region

Abstract

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy, that had a marked interest in many countries, raising critical concerns about its risk factors and underlying pathophysiology. The aim of this study was identifying the epidemiological factors and treatment patterns of this cancer in Sétif, Algeria, during five years (2020-2024).74 patients were diagnosed with TC including 56 female and 18 males with an average age of 51.54 ± 14.46 years. Patient data, including sociodemographic, clinical information, and treatment history, were collected from hospital archives using a questionnaire. The results showed that papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was the most common type, accounting for 63.5% of all cases. Age and gender were significantly associated with thyroid cancer types, with a female predominance (75.7%), and a highest prevalence in the (39-48) age group (28.37%). In contrast, no significant association was found regarding profession, habitat place, medical history of thyroid pathologies such as nodules (27%), goiter (18%), and hypothyroidism (8%). The primary treatment modality was total thyroidectomy, performed in 39% of cases. This study clearly establish that papillary cancer was the predominant form of TC in Sétif region, and age or gender are possible risk factors for TC types. These results highlight the significance of focused public health efforts for early identification of this cancer and treatment