Les mouches comme vecteurs mécaniques de parasites : Mécanismes et impact en santé publique

Abstract

Flies are among the most important mechanical vectors of pathogens of public health significance due to their ability to carry and disseminate numerous parasites, bacteria, and viruses from contaminated environments to humans and animals without allowing these microorganisms to develop or multiply within their bodies. Their epidemiological importance is closely related to their feeding habits and their frequent movement between household waste, human and animal feces, decomposing organic matter, food sources, and water supplies. This study aims to investigate the role of flies as mechanical vectors of parasites by examining their biological and ecological characteristics and the mechanisms involved in the transport and transmission of parasitic agents through external body surfaces or the digestive tract. Particular attention is given to the major parasites associated with flies and their effects on human and animal health. The study also highlights the health, economic, and environmental consequences resulting from the spread of these parasites, especially in areas characterized by poor sanitation and inadequate waste management. Vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, are particularly at risk of parasitic infections and enteric diseases indirectly transmitted by flies. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the importance of preventive measures and integrated control programs, including improved sanitation, proper waste disposal, management of fly breeding sites, and public health education. These measures represent essential strategies for reducing parasite transmission, protecting both human and animal health, and minimizing the public health impact of flies within communities.