L’immunomodulation : Fondements, approches thérapeutiques et perspectives à base de plantes médicinales

Abstract

Immunomodulation, defined as the targeted adjustment of the immune response, represents astrategic therapeutic approach in managing numerous conditions such as autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, cancer, HIV, and allergies. It relies on mechanisms of immunosuppression, immunostimulation, or tolerance induction, by targeting key cellular pathways such as JAK/STAT, NF-κB, or MAPK,using biological agents (anti-TNF, anti-IL-6, JAK inhibitors) or small molecules. At the same time, traditional medicine and phytotherapy offer natural alternatives through medicinal plants with proven immunomodulatory properties. Species such as Thymus vulgaris,Glycyrrhiza glabra, Echinacea purpurea, Withania somnifera, turmeric, and ginseng act on both innate and adaptive immunity by modulating cytokineproduction, phagocytosis, cell receptor expression, and inflammatory responses