Les Substances Exo Polymériques Bactériens : Synthèse, Extraction et Applications.

Abstract

This work presents an in-depth study of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), focusing on their microbial origin, biochemical structure, and technological valorization. EPS are defined as hydrophilic macromolecules secreted into the extracellular environment by a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their production is influenced by numerous environmental and genetic factors. The thesis accurately describes the biosynthesis mechanisms, extraction approaches (physical, chemical, enzymatic, and combined), and physicochemical characterization techniques (spectroscopy, chromatography, colorimetric tests). It draws on recent scientific publications to illustrate application areas: water treatment, flocculation, biosorption, agri-food industry (texturizing agents, probiotics), medical biotechnologies (encapsulation, biofilms, hydrogels), and materials science (biodegradable films, 3D-printed matrices). The study highlights the multifunctional potential of EPS as major biological tools in a strategy for sustainable development and bioeconomy.