Évaluation des propriétés antioxydantes et anticoagulantes des extraits de Punica granatum et application à la synthèse verte de nanoparticules d'argent

Abstract

The present study focused on evaluating the biological activities of Punica granatum flower extracts, with an emphasis on their antioxidant, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic potential, as well as their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via green synthesis. Various extracts were obtained from pomegranate flowers using several extraction methods (infusion, maceration, and ultrasound), and were then characterized for their total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents. The results showed that the ethanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity according to the DPPH assay, with an IC₅₀ of (10.91 ± 0.82), while the aqueous extract showed better radical scavenging ability in the ABTS assay with an IC₅₀ of (53.71 ± 1.89). Furthermore, the aqueous extract of P. granatum demonstrated notable anticoagulant activity, especially at high concentrations, where coagulation time exceeded 12 minutes. An antithrombotic activity was also observed, with a clot lysis rate reaching 20%. In parallel, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the aqueous extract was successfully achieved, as confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy (absorption peak around [400–450 nm]). The presence of sodium citrate promoted nanoparticle dispersion, whereas its absence resulted in enhanced antioxidant activity of the AgNPs, suggesting a greater exposure of active compounds on the surface. In conclusion, Punica granatum flower extracts appear to be promising candidates for the development of therapeutic biomolecules and bioactive nanomaterials, owing to their richness in phytochemicals and their multiple demonstrated in vitro biological effects.